The History
In 1996 John Saye and Tom Brush formed a research and development partnership to explore how emerging technologies might support higher order thinking and authentic pedagogy in the social studies. By 2000 this project had evolved into the Persistent Issues in History Network. The PIH approach conceptualizes the social studies curriculum organized around fundamental issues that societies have confronted across space and time.
Working with classroom teachers and Auburn University and Indiana University colleagues, we completed a series of classroom-based design experiments to refine a set of field-tested wise practices for implementing authentic problem-based history instruction in 7-12 grade classrooms. The results of that work are summarized in the Design Principles section of this website. A second major product of these continuing collaborations is the online PIH Lesson Library. We hope that these resources expand the community of social studies educators and students who adopt this powerful pedagogy. Over 20 Lessons were completed during Saye and Brush’s tenure (2000-2018). The Lesson database continues to grow under the current directors.
The Founders
John W. Saye (sayejoh@auburn.edu) is Mildred Chesire Fraley Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Secondary Social Science Education at Auburn University and founding director of the Persistent Issues in History Network and of the Social Science Inquiry Research Collaborative. His research interests include authentic pedagogy, problem-based inquiry, teacher thinking, and collaborative communities of practice. His most recent publications have appeared in the Journal of Curriculum Studies, Theory and Research in Social Education, the Journal of Social Studies Research, Social Studies Today: Research and Practice, and the Wiley Handbook of Social Studies Research.
Dr. Thomas Brush (tbrush@iu.edu) is the Barbara B. Jacobs Chair in Education and Technology, Professor of Instructional Systems Technology within the School of Education at Indiana University, and founding co-director of the Persistent Issues in History Network . Dr. Brush’s research interests focus on developing methods and strategies to promote inquiry-oriented learning, particularly with more open-ended instruction. This involves studying methods for integrating tools to promote collaborative problem-based learning strategies into the learning environment itself and developing alternative techniques to deliver instruction to students. He has authored or coauthored more than 100 publications related to his research interests. He has also served as a project director, co-project director, or evaluator for over a dozen competitively-funded projects from competitions including the National Science Foundation, the Google Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the US Department of Education.
PIH Funding
PIH Contributors
Drs. Saye and Brush want to thank the following faculty for assisting with video case modules:
| Professor | Institution | Case |
| Dr. Diana Hess | University of Wisconsin | US Foreign Policy: Structured Academic Controversy |
| Dr. Joseph O’Brien | University of Kansas | Justification for Military Action |
| Dr. Walter Parker | University of Washington | Civil Rights: Seminar Discussion |
| Dr. John Rossi | Virginia Commonwealth University | The Future Direction of Iraq: Talk Show |
Drs. Saye and Brush want to thank the following faculty for assisting with video case modules:
| Name | Current Institution |
| Cory Callahan | University of Alabama |
| Charles Farmer | Freedom Middle School, Franklin, TN |
| Krista Glazewski | North Carolina State University |
| James Howell | University of Southern Mississippi |
| Jung Won Hur | Auburn University |
| Colby Jones | Samford Middle School, Opelika, AL |
| Ugur Kale | Indiana University |
| Jada Kohlmeier | Auburn University |
| Kyungbin Kwon | Indiana University |
| Lamont Maddox | University of North Alabama |
| Teresa McCormick | Auburn University |
| Linda Mitchell | Jacksonville State University |
| Suhkyung Shin | Hanyang University, Korea |
| Sungwon Shin | Texas Tech University |
| Zhizhen Zhang | Beijing Normal University, China |
PIH Case Chart
| Lesson Title | Year Created |
| Civil Rights: Interactive Slide Lecture | 2002 |
| Civil Rights: Introductory Grabber | 2002 |
| Civil Rights: Intensive Document Analysis | 2002 |
| Civil Rights: Presentation Preparation | 2002 |
| Civil Rights: Presentation and Deliberation | 2002 |
| Cold War: Think Aloud | 2005 |
| Civil Rights: Seminar Discussion | 2007 |
| Civil Rights: Disciplined Discussion | 2006 |
| Civil War: Grabber | 2002 |
| Religious Freedom: Patrick Henry | 2005 |
| Virginia Religious Freedom: 20th Century Cases | 2006 |
| The Future Direction of Iraq: Talk Show | 2007 |
| Justification for Military Action | 2007 |
| US Foreign Policy: Structured Academic Controversy | 2008 |
| The US in the 1920s: Cartoon Analysis | 2005 |
| The US in the 1920s: Congressional Hearing | 2005 |
| Washington: Press Conference | 2002 |
